Sugar removes some benefits of tea.

A regular consumption of tea reduces the risk of death and cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. However, the addition of sugar or sweetener to tea has a significant effect on the reduction. The positive effect was most pronounced when drinking 3.5-4.5 cups a day of tea with no sugar.

The risk of death due to all causes was decreased by 20%, cancer by 14%, and cardiovascular disease by 27%, compared to those who did not drink tea. The study used black tea and the authors emphasized that the addition of sugar or sweetener could eliminate some of the protective properties of tea. Therefore, it is advisable to drink tea without sweetening to achieve maximum effect.

Maintaining the right posture

Stand so that heels, back and back head lean against the wall. We can guess that back is in curved state if this position is not maintained for more than 5 min and the back or back head part from the wall.

Attach body to the wall to the best of your ability to ensure that there is no gap between the waist and the wall. The lower abdomen is forced to tilt the pelvis backwards so that the waist can be attached to the wall. The back shoulder is also not allowed to fall apart the wall.

The shoulder can be raised upwards and should be kept as low as possible. This is the right standing posture. In this position, ease the tension slowly, with a multiple respiration.

Keeping that position, fall off the wall and slowly walk forward. Slowly walking while keeping that position is the right walking.

Anthropological characteristics of modern Koreans in head form

Generally, head size is defined with length, width and height. Length and width characterize head size on a horizontal plane, and height defines head size on a vertical plane. And the indices consisting of length, width and height indicate the shape of the head.

Here, we show the features that appear in the shape of the Korean head through an indices consisting of length and width of the head. Generally, the head indices, which consists of length and width, are recognized as one of the relatively variable signatures depending on various factors.

There are different views regarding the factors that govern the differences in head indices. One such view is that people's occupations regulate the shape of their heads. People believe that when the lateral head is compressed laterally, both professionally and in custom, the head becomes dolichocephalic. In contrast, when the head is pulled on both sides, length is shortened and width is widened to become brachycephalic.

These are mechanistic comments and lack scientific validity. There is also a view that the living environment has a direct effect on the head shape.

Korean people have the shortest head length, but the width is wide. Short and broad head is a peculiar feature of Koreans. The head indices define the shape of the head. Koreans belong to a typical brachycephalic.

As seen above, Korean people are a unique population group of brachycephalic heads, which have anthropological characteristics distinguishing them from those of neighboring regions in their head form.

Four bioactive additives to be ingested after 40 years of age

Dietitians recommend that people after 40 years of age should take four bioactive additives. As people advance in age, the human body's demand for nutrients changes. Therefore, it is important to supplement the scarce substances with the help of bioactive additives. In particular, vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium and omega-3 fatty acids should be taken adequately.

- Calcium

After menopause, women are at increased risk of losing bone mass. Calcium additives maintain skeletal stiffness, reducing the risk of fracture.

- Vitamin D

Beyond 40 years of age, estrogen levels are low, making it difficult for the body to take up vitamin D. Test for vitamin D level once a year is recommended and, if necessary, a bioactive additive is recommended.

- Vitamin B12

As age increases, the ability of the organism to take up this vitamin decreases. This may also be related to the use of certain drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, metformin, and some diuretics.

-ω-3 Fatty Acids

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. As age increases, the risk of developing chronic diseases increases. Therefore, it is important to take enough the ' - fatty acids.

Bad habits causing pelvic deformity

- Putting one leg on the other.

Feeling comfortable when you put a leg on the other leg means that the pelvis is already skewed. The repeated posture is associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. When the pressure distribution of the lumbar and thoracic spines becomes heterogeneous, the spine deforms, in some cases, the disc prolapses and can cause chronic back pain.

- Sitting with back bent.

Many people habitually bend their backs and lean against the back of the chair when they sit on a chair. Maintaining this position for a long time will cause the pelvis to tilt backwards. Therefore, when sitting on a chair, you should straighten your back. If it is difficult, the back should be adjusted so that the entire back is leaning against the back of the chair, and the pelvis and spine are in normal position. Supporting cushion on the back of the waist is also a good way to protect the pelvis.

- Standing on one leg.

Standing on one leg will result in the body in a lean position, so maintaining this position for a long time will cause knee arthritis and deformity of the pelvis.

- Wearing shoes that don't fit your feet.

When you wear high heel shoes or tight shoes, it will not only hurt your feet but also cause excessive tension in the back and inside of the thigh, causing your pelvis to tilt forward.

Children's spinal deformity should be detected early.

Children's spinal deformity is clinically difficult to treat, but this is not the case. However, more important are the early detection and treatment. Parents should always be careful to observe their child's body condition and keep their right posture.

A simple test for the child's spine is as follows. Let child sit down, let hands down, and let eyes look ahead. When the body is bent forward, check whether both muscles are symmetrical. Children with a lateral tilt of the spine are usually thin and small in the right muscle.

For a girl in the period of development, it is advisable to test once a month. The test method is simple. Let child sit rightly, and touch with thumb and forefinger to see if the vertebra is straight, starting from the prominent part of the posterior neck down to the lower part. Or observe whether the height of the child's shoulders is the same, whether the right and left scapulae are symmetrical, whether the scapulae are equal in height, and whether both sides are symmetrical.

Then, after the child is upright and the hands are held together, let the body slowly bend forward at 90' and the shoulders, and observe if chest and waist are on the horizontal line. If the height is different or asymmetric, the child should go to the hospital to be examined.

Spinal examination can also be done by radiography. Generally, radiographic examination reveals the cause, degree and location of the laterally tilted vertebra, and age of skeletal growth.

Defence Fort for the Capital of Koguryo dynasty - Characteristics of the Fort on Mt. Taesong

First, defence of the fort was enhanced by using more favorable natural and geographical conditions. Given that there were many mountain peaks and ridges, they were connected to each other like a blast furnace so that only one side of the fort was connected to the flat and the whole wall was located in the high area. The fort was surrounded by three rivers; the Taedong River in the south, Jangsu River in the east and the Hapjang River in the west, and thus, favorable conditions had been created for the defence of the fort.

Second, the fort wall was firmly built up to increase the defence of the fort.

Third, many unique or secret gates were effectively used in the defence of the fort.

Fourth, defence capabilities of the fort had been increased by installing many bastions and terraces.

Fifth, rich water source was used effectively for the people's living and the defence of the fort.

Characteristics of Koguryo dynasty's Talent Appointment System

First, it was a system of talent appointment system based on the militarism spirit cultivation. The martial arts, bravery and wisdom, such as riding, archery, managements of swords and spears, were all related to military affairs. Thanks to the talent appointment system, the man who had a skilled martial art could be promoted to the post of leading the ranks on a priority basis.

Second, it is limitedly applied to the common people. In general, the system of promoting talents in the feudal state was established by the feudal ruling class to monopolize state power and strengthen domination and exploitation of the working people.

Therefore, the objects of the appointment of talents were strictly confined to those of the feudal landlord class.

But the system of promoting talents was also applied even to the common people in the country, though it was limited. General Ondal who took the first place in hunting events or those who displayed their courage during the expedition of the Koguryo army were all of ordinary origin.

Samogwandae (Dressing with courtesy helmet and belt), and Chilbodanjang (Dressing with seven treasures)

Samogwandae refers the dressing with embroidered insignia on the breast and the back of an official round-collar robe, angled belt, courtesy helmet, and glittering boot. Samogwandae was a regular official dress of feudal officials and later became a man's wedding dress in the latter half of the feudal Joson dynasty.

The conversion of this Samogwandae into the wedding dress was related to the social climate of the period when men regarded it as their 'lifelong desire' and the 'advancement in life' to pass the state examinations, hold an official position, and wear Samogwandae.

Therefore the men's Samogwandae became the only uniform of the wedding. The sequence of Samogwandae was as follows; he firstly wore trouser, then robe with a black-blue silk tapestry, and embroidered insignia with one or two cranes on the breast, courtesy belt at waist that showed the official position, courtesy helmet, and black boot.

Chilbodanjang refers the bride's clothes with headpiece decorated with seven treasures, and the ceremonial dress. The word of Chilbo (seven treasures) refers gold, silver, glass, clam, agate, amber and coral, and the bride's headpiece was decorated with such seven treasures. It was generally used to refer the very elegant and brilliant dressing.

The custom of wearing Chilbodanjang was generalized in the late 18th century when women were wearing headpiece on their chignon and headpiece decorated with seven treasures became the courtesy helmet in the wedding ceremonial.

The distinguished archery skill and Maekgung of Koguryo people

From childhood, Koguryo people had regarded it as their duty to learn and master martial arts such as horse riding and archery. They were brave and vigorous, and were good at archery and riding, because they were always striving to practise martial arts and physical training.

The old literature described that every village of Koguryo dynasty had Kyongdang, where young people gathered to study and practise archery. The murals also vividly depict the skillful archery of the Koguryo people.

The wonderful archery skill of the people of Koguryo dynasty was well proved by the fact that the people of the neighboring countries admired them at that time. The people of Koguryo dynasty could have the distinguished archery skills because the tradition of worshipping martial arts was strongly prevailing in Koguryo dynasty at that time and various working lives including hunting animals were related to archery.

The bow made and used by Koguryo people was also excellent. The bow used by the Koguryo people was called Maekgung and handed down to posterity. It was short, simple and powerful, and it was widely famous. The distinctive feature of the bows used by the Koguryo people was that there were curved nodes in the short bow stick.

These were fundamentally different from the bows of the neighbor country in which there were invisible nodes in the long bow stick. The curved nodes shown in the pictures depicting bows in the period of Koguryo dynasty meant that the bow consisted of several segments.

Thus, Maekgung of Koguryo dynasty can be increased by the number of nodes of the bow to display the greater strength even if the same material was used and it was the most advanced bow at that time. The bows of Koguryo dynasty were short in length, so the rider was very comfortable to use the bow on the horse.

For the Koguryo people who regularly used horses, the long bow could not ensure agility in their actions, and it was difficult to have the actual effect in their combat actions and hunting.